Van de Wijer L, et al. - Researchers compared Tanzanian children on an efavirenz-based vs a non-efavirenz-based regimen in terms of competence (social involvement, activities, and school performance) and psychopathology (internalising and externalising problems), cognitive performance (intelligence and working memory), and adherence. In this multicentre, cross-sectional, observational study, analysis of 141 children was done; of these, 72 (51%) used efavirenz-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and 69 (49%) used non-efavirenz-based cART. Results suggest a mild increase in neuropsychiatric symptoms in correlation with efavirenz treatment in children, especially in children who receive doses higher than or equal to the WHO recommended doses for efavirenz. This emphasizes clinical awareness and adequate follow-up of neuropsychiatric symptoms in efavirenz in children.