Peled A, Raz I, Zucker I, et al. - In a severity-dependent manner, myopia in adolescence was associated with a significantly increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in young adulthood in women. This finding lends credence to the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of myopia.

• It was a population-based, retrospective, cohort study.

• During the period 1993-2012, 1,329,705 adolescents (579,543 women, 43.6%) aged 16-19 years were medically examined prior to mandatory military service and their data were linked to the Israel National Diabetes Registry.

• With T2D, there was a link between myopia and gender.

• T2D incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years) in women were 16.6, 19.2, and 25.1 for those without myopia, mild-to-moderate myopia, and high myopia, respectively.

• After adjusting for age at study entry, birth year, adolescent BMI, cognitive performance, socioeconomic status, and immigration status, these corresponded to hazard ratios of 1.29 and 1.63 for women with mild-to-moderate and high myopia, respectively, compared with those without myopia.

• Extensive sensitivity and subgroup analyses yielded the same results.

• Every 1 diopter lower spherical equivalent resulted in a 6.5% higher adjusted HR for T2D incidence when managed as a continuous variable.

• Among men, there was no significant association.