Kobiela J, Spychalski P, Wieszczy P, et al. - In an analysis of data from the Polish Colonoscopy Screening Program (PCSP), researchers compared mortality and hospitalization 6 weeks before and 30 days following the actual or virtual date of colonoscopy in the screening or control group. For this investigation, persons (aged 55 to 64 years) residing in the area covered by the PCSP from 2012 through 2015 were assigned in a (1:1) to a group invited for screening colonoscopy (n = 338,477) or a matched group that would be invited 5 years later (controls, n = 338,557). Overall, there were no significant variations in mortality between the colonoscopy group and control group in the intent to treat analysis. High-quality evidence was found that colonoscopy does not increase mortality before or after colonoscopy as a screening intervention. It may, however, be associated with a small but significant increase in unplanned hospitalizations, particularly after the completion of colonoscopy.