Hwang CJ, et al. - In this retrospective cohort study, researchers analyzed 5-year follow-up data on patients diagnosed with thoracic and thoracolumbar kyphosis (TK/TLK) treated with posterior-only spinal fusion. The sample consisted of 43 patients [aged 33 years (range 13–77)] who had a posterior-only spinal fusion for a primary diagnosis of TK/TLK from 1999 to 2009 with > 5-year follow-up. Scheuermann’s disease, idiopathic, pseudarthrosis, iatrogenic, degenerative, posttraumatic, and congenital kyphosis were included in diagnoses. Findings suggested that pedicle screw constructs allow effective posterior-only correction of TK/TLK that is maintained at the 5-year follow-up time point. Patients report improvement at the same follow-up time points through outcome questionnaires. There were no pseudarthroses.