Chen WC, et al. - In this investigation, researchers presented a patient with neurosyphilis, an infectious neuroinflammatory disorder, with schizophrenic features and the treatment outcome. A single man who was 42 years old had schizophrenic- like characteristics and cognitive dysfunction for 1 year. Via a cerebral spinal fluid study, neurosyphilis was confirmed. Until adjunctive memantine therapy, the neuropsychiatric functions declined. Psychotic and dementic symptoms improved substantially with add-on treatment with memantine 10 mg daily; the patient recovered over the 2-year follow-up course to the premorbid state. Findings suggested that memantine has an adjunctive impact on neuropsychiatric disorder associated with neurosyphilis through modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuroinflammation induced by microglia.