Kaluza J, Stackelberg O, Harris HR, et al. - Whether a Mediterranean diet through its anti-oxidative properties would reduce the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), especially among smokers, was investigated via this study. This study sample comprised the Cohort of Swedish Men (45,072 males) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort (36,632 females), aged 45 – 83 years at baseline. On the basis of a food frequency questionnaire, experts calculated a modified Mediterranean Diet score, including eight food groups. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated employing Cox proportional hazard models. Findings showed that both current and ex-smokers with low pack-years of smoking were found to have a decreased risk of AAA in relation to adherence to the Mediterranean diet.