Kenangalem E, et al. - Using a prospective malariometric surveillance network, researchers studied temporal trends in morbidity and mortality related to malaria in Papua, Indonesia, before and after a universal, artemisinin-based antimalarial treatment strategy for all Plasmodium species was introduced. A total of 418,238 patients presented with malaria to the monitoring facilities over the study period. Adoption of a universal policy of artemisinin-based therapy for malaria infections caused by any Plasmodium species was linked to a significant decline in total malaria-attributable morbidity and mortality in this area with high levels of antimalarial drug resistance. P. falciparum malaria burden has been reduced to a larger degree than P. vivax malaria burden. Access to safe and efficacious malaria cure in co-endemic regions will be critical for the timely elimination of malaria for all patients at risk.