Kenangalem E, et al. - in Papua, Indonesia, researchers assessed temporal trends in malaria-related morbidity and mortality before and after a universal, artemisinin-based antimalarial treatment strategy for all Plasmodium species was introduced. In April 2004, a prospective, district-wide malariometric surveillance system was established to record all cases of malaria at community clinics and the regional hospital and maintained until December 2013. Antimalarial treatment policy was changed to artemisinin combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria and intravenous artesunate for severe malaria due to any Plasmodium species In March 2006. There were 418,238 patients who presented to the surveillance facilities with malaria over the duration of the study. After the implementation of a universal policy of artemisinin-based therapy for malaria infections due to any Plasmodium species, a significant reduction in total malaria-attributable morbidity and mortality was seen. P. falciparum malaria burden was lowered to a larger extent than that of P. vivax malaria.