Shi Y, Zheng G, Qian L, et al. - Researchers conducted a retrospective observational study in one of the largest clinical centers of neurosurgery in China with the aim to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates responsible for nosocomial meningitis/encephalitis in postneurosurgical patients. In addition, they sought the factors associated with mortality following Enterobacteriaceae meningitis/encephalitis. From 2014 to 2019, a total of 2,416 neurosurgical meningitis/encephalitis cases were reported. Among these, 7.3% (176) were related to Enterobacteriaceae; 164 of these Enterobacteriaceae isolates were available to divide into two groups according to the final outcome of whether the patient died or survived. In total, death was reported for 38 patients (23.2%) and survival was reported for 126 patients (76.8%). These findings suggest a high in-hospital mortality caused by Enterobacteriaceae meningitis/encephalitis in neurosurgery. They indicate independent value of a GCS score of ≤ 8 as a risk factor for mortality following Enterobacteriaceae meningitis/encephalitis in postneurosurgical patients.