Carlsen T, et al. - The independent and combined correlations of long-term changes in depressive symptoms (DSs) and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) with all-cause mortality were analyzed by the authors in middle-aged and older individuals attending both the second (from August 15, 1995, through June 18, 1997) and third (from October 3, 2006, through June 25, 2008) health surveys of the Nord-Trondelag Health Study, Norway, and followed until December 31, 2014. It was determined that maintaining low DSs and high eCRF was independently related to a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Findings illustrated lowest mortality risk for persistently high eCRF combined with decreased or persistently low DSs. Hence, stress was laid on the effect of preventing DSs and maintaining high CRF on long-term mortality risk, significant for long-term population health.