Strang THR, Gottschlich A, Cook DA, et al. - Studies have described a higher sensitivity of primary human papillomavirus testing in detecting precancerous cervical lesions relative to cytologic screening. Researchers herein analyzed data from the Human Papillomavirus For Cervical Cancer Trial-DECADEl (FOCAL-DECADE) cohort with the aim to compare long-term high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (grade 2 or higher and grade 3 or higher) outcomes of 2 DNA-based assays (Digene Hybrid Capture 2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test and cobas 4800 HPV Test) and 1 messenger RNA-based assay (Aptima HPV Assay). First, the positive and negative rates were compared between the assays and then they examined the cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and higher and grade 3 or higher detection among participants in the FOCAL DECADE cohort over follow-up according to human papillomavirus testing assays. Among participants who tested negative for human papillomavirus at baseline, no significant difference in the long-term risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher and grade 3 or higher was observed regardless of whether DNA- or RNA-based human papillomavirus testing assays were employed. Screening program decision makers can be confident that DNA- and RNA-based assays yield similar cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher outcomes over several years for women who test negative for human papillomavirus.