Watanabe J, Ikegami Y, Tsuda A, et al. - Since there are two major methods for local anesthesia by lidocaine before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: simple spray and viscous solution, researchers tested the saftey and effectiveness by meta‐analysis between these two methods. Seven randomized controlled trials were included. The sample consisted of 2,667 participants. Accoring to this systematic review and meta‐analysis, btter satisfaction scores than the viscous solution were given by the use of lidocaine spray for local anesthesia, and both approaches had the same effect with respect to the regulation of discomfort and pain. Further studies are required in large multicenter randomized controlled trials with a pre‐registration protocol.