Suzuki A, et al. - Using pooled datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, researchers evaluated the molecular biomarker candidates and biological pathways of chronic periodontitis (CP) (a multifactorial inflammatory disease). They observed 123 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gingival tissue with CP, including 81 upregulated genes and 42 downregulated genes. They noted upregulated genes in Gene Ontology significantly enriched in immune responses. They also reported upregulated genes significantly enriched (in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway) in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, cell adhesion molecules, and hematopoietic cell lineage. In addition, they screened CSF3, CXCL12, IL1B, MS4A1, PECAM1, and TAGLN, biomarker candidates for CP diagnosis and prognosis.