Tang SD, et al. - Using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method, researchers, for the first time, explored the relationship of lifestyle factors, including second-hand smoke, with dental caries among 3-year-old children (n = 283) in Wuxi, China. Univariate analysis showed that sleep duration, interest in snacks, candy, exposure to second-hand smoke and birth weight were the likely related factors of dental caries. Meanwhile, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that children who used fluoride were less susceptible to dental caries than those who had previously not used fluoride. Life-style behaviours are critical factors and should draw appropriate attention. Second-hand smoke may have a potential negative impact on deciduous caries but it still needs further studies. A coordinated effort by health care providers, policy-makers, and health institutions has successfully improved the oral health of children and understanding of hygiene skills among Wuxi City residents.