Weinrauch LA, et al. - The purpose of this study is to figure out whether infection and malignancy exceed cardiovascular mortality in kidney transplant recipients. These outcomes show that infection (but not malignancy) risks are far higher in diabetic than nondiabetic immunosuppressed individuals, (though non-cardiovascular death rate in nondiabetic individuals also exceeded cardiovascular deaths) and may play a larger role in the excess mortality populations than previously thought. Given that follow-up in this study was 4-10 years after allograft surgery, there was a lesser degree of acute rejection requiring high-dose immunosuppression than in the initial post allograft years. This unique perspective allows transplant recipients to return to primary physicians on low doses of immunosuppressive agents and provide the focus for follow-up care.