Laiteerapong A, et al. - The genotoxicity of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) and GIC incorporated with titanium dioxide nanopoarticle (TiO₂NPs) and with microparticle (TiO₂MPs) was investigated on DNA double-strand breaks of human gingival fibroblast cells (HGFs). Furthermore, the authors aimed to compare the genotoxic differences between GIC and 2 modified cements. No genotoxic effect was observed with GIC or 10% TiO₂-modified GICs on HGFs. Compared to GIC, both TiO₂NPsGIC and TiO₂MPsGIC demonstrated less genotoxic effect. They found no genotoxic difference between the modified cements from different particle sizes (nanoparticle and micro-particle) of TiO₂ when comparing between the 2 modified cements.