Alfandary H, et al. - The target herein was to figure out the epidemiology of nephrolithiasis in the Israeli pediatric population during a 30-year period, and to explore the BMI distribution during the same period. The findings shed light on the rising prevalence of nephrolithiasis among children. The potential link between this data with the rise in BMI during the same period required additional analysis.

Methods

• Data was extracted from the compulsory medical evaluations of 17 year- olds in Israel, prior to their enlistment for military service during 1980-2013.
• A comparative study was undertaken between the candidates for the army, having a history of stone disease and those without such history.

Results

• Amongst the 1,908,893 candidates, 1691 reported a history of nephrolithiasis.
• Hence, an average prevalence rate of 88.6 was found in 100.000.
• During 1980-1995, the average reported prevalence of nephrolithiasis was disclosed to be 69 cases per 100,000 candidates.
• A rise was noted in the prevalence by an average of 6% per year, and reached 120 per 100,000 during 2010-2012, from the year 1995.
• This rise was discovered for both males and females, with greater prominence among males.
• A higher mean BMI of stone formers was found when compared to that of the control group (22.7±3.5 vs. 22.1±3.9 kg/m² p<0.001).
• The trend of increasing BMI among male candidates during 1995 to 2012 paralleled the trend of increasing nephrolithiasis.
• The odds ratio for nephrolithiasis in candidates with BMI>30 kg/m² 1.7 (1.4-2.1) were comparable to candidates with BMI 18.5-24.9.