Elnaenaey WA, et al. - In the present study, the researchers sought to assess the expression of runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) together with IL-17A and IL-17F genes in childhood ITP to examine their contribution to disease pathogenesis and clinical presentation. Ninety children were included in the study, 30 of whom were primary active ITP patients, 30 of whom were in remission after treatment, and 30 of whom were healthy controls. RUNX1 may play a role in the molecular pathogenesis of ITP by upregulating the expression of Th17-secreted cytokines, IL-17A and IL-17F, via RORγt at the transcriptional level. Thus, targeting RUNX1 or RORγt may be novel therapeutic approaches.