Greene SA, et al. - Researchers investigated if treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected women to prevent cervical cancer may stimulate HIV RNA cervical shedding and risk HIV transmission. They randomized 400 HIV-infected women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 in Kenya to loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or cryotherapy from 2011 to 2014. A larger increase in post-procedural cervical HIV shedding was noted among women randomized to LEEP than women randomized to cryotherapy. Benefits of cervical cancer prevention outweigh the risk of HIV sexual transmission. This study highlights the significance of risk-reduction counseling.