McAllister DA, et al. - Researchers used the national Scottish registers and regression models to estimate the incidence and case-fatality of heart failure hospitalizations in the entire population aged ≥30 years resident in Scotland during 2004 to 2013, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and calendar-year, including 3.25 million people with and without diabetes mellitus. They noted those without diabetes mellitus, with type 2, and type 1 diabetes mellitus had 91, 429, 22 959, and 1313 incident heart failure events, respectively. Although a fall in the incidence rates of heart failure hospitalization was reported, particularly in type 1 diabetes mellitus, ≈2-fold higher incidence of heart failure was seen in comparison to people without diabetes mellitus, with higher case-fatality in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Overall, in light of these findings, heart failure represents an under-recognized and important complication in diabetes mellitus, particularly for type 1 disease.