Testa A, et al. - The present study was performed to evaluate incarceration exposure and electronic cigarette use during pregnancy. Data were used from 74,554 recent mothers from the 2016–2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. The relationship between incarceration exposure and electronic cigarette use was evaluated by using logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models. The data demonstrate this relationship remains after accounting for conventional cigarette use during pregnancy. During pregnancy, considering the potentially harmful health ramifications for electronic cigarette use, these data imply a need for interventions targeting electronic cigarette use among incarceration-exposed populations and point to electronic cigarette use among pregnant women in particular as an important area of focus for both criminal justice and public health practitioners.