Hsieh MH, et al. - In order to assess the impact of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) with or without Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis patients, researchers retrospectively studied 96 non-CF bronchiectasis patients from January 2005 to December 2014. Findings revealed the greatest pulmonary function decline and the worst disease severity in association with concomitant NTM and P. aeruginosa isolates in non-CF bronchiectasis. Hence, early recognition and prompt treatment of concomitant NTM and P. aeruginosa isolates are recommended to improve the outcome in non-CF bronchiectasis patients.