Mimura MAM, et al. – The physicians analyzed the initial immune profile of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients and examined the clinical and serological response following a challenge with symbiotic treatment containing fructooligosaccharide, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. They described that in RAS, symbiotic treatment based on a fructooligosaccharide, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium composition produced an alteration in the Th2 serological immune profile in the direction of Th1 and improved pain symptomatology.