Arya S, Naburi H, Kawaza K, et al. - In this large, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, researchers tested the safety and effectiveness of continuous kangaroo mother care initiated immediately after birth in infants with a birth weight between 1.0 and 1.799 kg. The trial was carried out in five tertiary-level hospitals in Ghana, India, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania. Study participants were assigned to receive immediate kangaroo mother care (intervention) or conventional care in an incubator or a radiant warmer until their condition stabilized and kangaroo mother care thereafter (control). In total, 3,211 infants and their mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention group (1,609 infants with their mothers) or the control group (1,602 infants with their mothers). Those who received immediate kangaroo mother care had lower mortality at 28 days than those who received conventional care with kangaroo mother care initiated after stabilization among infants with a birth weight between 1.0 and 1.799 kg; the between-group difference favoring immediate kangaroo mother care at 72 hours was not significant.