Magalhães-Gama F, Kerr MWA, Ibiapina HNS, et al. - Since there is under-exploration of the network of soluble immunological molecules in the bone marrow microenvironment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, researchers conducted this study with 47 recently diagnosed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients to analyze their bone marrow plasma, using cytometric beads arrays, for the levels of the immunological molecules (CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL9, CCL5, CXCL10, IL-6, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-2) during induction therapy. At the time of diagnosis, high levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-10 were detected in B-ALL patients, while at the end of induction therapy, these patients exhibited a reduction in the levels of these immunological molecules and an elevation in CCL5, IFN-γ, and IL-17A concentrations. Thus, presence of an imbalance in chemokines and cytokines in the bone marrow microenvironment of B-ALL patients was indicated, which acts as a contributor to suppressing the immune response. There may be a connection of this immune imbalance with the presence of leukemic cells because, at the close of the induction treatment, with the elimination and reduction to residual cells, reestablishment of the proinflammatory profile was evident, characterized by an increment in the cytokines of the Th1 and Th17 profiles.