Göbel CH, Karstedt SC, Münte TF, et al. - Given the difficulty encountered in the emergency room with respect to distinguishing between a migraine with aura and a transient ischemic attack (TIA), the third edition of the International Classification of Headache disorders (ICHD-3) changed the diagnostic criteria of migraine with aura. Researchers here compared the diagnosis that resulted from applying the ICHD-3 and ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria to the diagnosis made autonomously by the treating physicians performing the usual diagnostic work-up. They prospectively interviewed 128 patients referred to the emergency room at the University Hospital of Lübeck, Germany with a suspected TIA regarding their symptoms resulting in admission shortly after the initial presentation. The outcomes suggest the great utility of The ICHD-3 as a tool for the clinical neurologist in order to differentiate between migraine with aura and a TIA, already at the first point of patient contact, such as in the emergency department or a TIA clinic.