Agrawal K, Mathur R, Purwar N, et al. - Researchers performed this cross-sectional observational study to analyze the role of adipose tissue dysfunction in HAIR-AN syndrome and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) using adipocytokines as surrogate markers of “adiposopathy.” This investigation was carried out at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year. In 30 women with HAIR-AN syndrome and in 30 women with PCOS, serum adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α levels have been measured. In contrast to PCOS women, women with HAIR-AN syndrome had substantially greater hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Significantly elevated adipocytokines in patients with HAIR-AN syndrome relative to patients with PCOS suggest the primary involvement of adipose tissue dysfunction ('adiposopathy') in the pathogenesis of HAIR-AN syndrome whereas only a minor role, if any, in PCOS. Both these syndromes, pathogenically with an overlapping phenotype, stand as distinct entities.