Ferreira FM, et al. - Researchers conducted this population-based study on 466 (aged 12 years) students to examine how much the connection between untreated dental caries and income inequalities was related to household food insecurity (HFI). Using the Food Insecurity Scale validated for Brazilian Portuguese, HFI was assessed. Findings revealed that dental caries prevalence was higher in children from families with a per capita household income lower than US$ 71 or from US$ 71 to US$ 142. In addition, 14% of the connection between a low income and dental caries was explained by HFI. In low-income families, differences in the prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren linked to socioeconomic inequalities could partially be attributed to HFI.