Ibrahim M, Hedlundh U, Sernert N, et al. - The present study was conducted to explore whether more tendon degeneration would be found in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and in those that had undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) than that in a control group. Between 2016 and 2019, researchers enrolled 100 individuals and were included into 4 groups; the patients were undergoing revision surgery in two groups and primary THA in the other two groups; 22 patients had previously undergone primary THA through a direct lateral approach (involving sectioning of the gluteus medius [GMED] tendon), 24 patients had previously undergone primary THA through a posterior approach (leaving the GMED tendon intact), 29 patients had primary hip OA, and 25 patients who suffered a femoral neck fracture served as controls. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that in patients who undergo hip revision arthroplasty, the GMED tendon indicates more ultrastructural degeneration than in patients with primary OA of the hip and control patients, who had suffered a femoral neck fracture. Moreover, compared with individuals who suffer primary hip OA, individuals who had previously undergone primary THA through a direct lateral approach demonstrated more histological GMED tendon degeneration.