Cen X, et al. – In the study presented here, the therapeutic effect of oral glucosamine (GS) as an adjunct to hyaluronic acid (HA) injection in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) was investigated. Findings revealed that both strategies alleviated symptoms in short term, but the patients treated with GS benefited more than those with placebo in long term, which could be due to the suppression of IL-1β and IL-6 and the stimulation of TGF-β.