Wang X, Li Y, Deloria-Knoll M, et al. - Researchers conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the global and regional human parainfluenza virus (hPIV)-associated and hPIV-attributable acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) incidence, hospital admissions, and mortality for children younger than 5 years and stratified by 0–5 months, 6–11 months, and 12–59 months of age. There were 203 studies found, including 162 hPIV-associated ALRI burden studies and 41 high-quality unpublished studies. The first global burden estimates of hPIV-associated and hPIV-attributable ALRI in young children are presented in this paper. Globally, hPIV was responsible for approximately 13% of ALRI cases, 4–14% of ALRI hospitalizations, and 4% of childhood ALRI mortality. These figures point to a potentially significant hPIV burden in ALRI morbidity and mortality in young children. These estimates should both encourage and inform investment in order to hasten the development of targeted interventions.