Lee T, et al. - Researchers assessed clinically relevant arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) surgical outcomes in incident hemodialysis patients in the United States, 9,458 elderly patients (≥67 years; 4,927 males and 4,531 females) initiating hemodialysis from July 2010 to June 2011 with a catheter and had an AVF or AVG placed within 6 months. While recommending not considering AVFs the preferred vascular access in most circumstances, they recognized that females uniformly display worse clinical AVF surgical outcomes. Further, in elderly female patients initiating hemodialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC), AVGs should be considered as a viable alternative to avoid extended CVC dependence.