Badawi AM, et al. - This study encompassed an inspection of the efficacy and safety of fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser as an assisted drug delivery for enhancing topical hydroquinone (HQ) permeation into the skin of melasma patients. The inference drawn was that ablative fractional laser (AFL)-assisted delivery of hydroquinone (HQ) was a safe and effective technique for the treatment of melasma.