Todorova A, Schwierzeck V, Turek D, et al. - In this investigation, researchers assessed anal cytology assessment as screening tool for anal dysplasia and/or carcinoma in people living with HIV (PLWH), irrespective of gender or sexual orientation, as well as studied the connection between cancer risk factors and abnormal screening results in the patient cohort. By single cytobrush examination and anal Papanicolaou (PAP) smear assessment from 2013 to 2015, PLWH from the Interdisciplinary HIV Centre of the University Hospital rechts der Isar in Munich, Germany (IZAR), were screened for anal carcinoma. A follow-up examination after 12 months was provided to patients with abnormal PAP smear outcome. Participants in the study were 101 PLWH. In the PLWH cohort, smoking and two common sexually transmitted infections (ie, condylomata acuminata and syphilis) were risk factors linked to advanced anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) stages. While further analysis is required in order to determine diagnostic guidelines for AIN in PLWH, these outcomes suggest that interdisciplinary lifestyle prevention strategies are needed in an outpatient setting to lessen risk factors for AIN in PLWH.