Jochems D, van Rein E, Niemeijer M, et al. - Globally, the main cause of death in children is traumatic brain injury. Researchers herein sought to report on the current incidence, mechanism of injury and outcome so that reduction in the impact of childhood TBI could be sought.

• A nationwide retrospective cohort study of patients 18 years and younger who were admitted to a Dutch hospital with moderate-severe TBI (Abbreviated Injury Score ≥ 3).

• In the Netherlands, the incidence rate was 14/100,000 person years from January 2015 until December 2017.

• Of 1,413 included patients, 5% died.

• Mortality rates increased with age as did chances of being dependent on others in daily life.

• The most common trauma mechanism was falls, followed by road traffic accidents.

• Amongst road traffic accidents, the most common were bicycle accidents.