Shen J, Vale L, Goulao B, et al. - This study was attempted to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of open urethroplasty and endoscopic urethrotomy as a treatment for recurrent urethral stricture in men. Set in the UK National Health Service with recruitment from 38 hospital sites, researchers performed a randomized controlled trial of open urethroplasty and endoscopic urethrotomy with 6-monthly follow-up over 24 months. The study enrolled a total of 222 men requiring operative treatment for a recurrence of bulbar urethral stricture and having had at least one previous intervention for stricture. They assessed efficacy by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) derived from EQ-5D 5L. They further evaluated cost-effectiveness by the incremental cost per QALY gained over 24 months using a within-trial analysis and a Markov model with a 10-year time horizon. Compared with urethroplasty, urethrotomy was found to be a cost-effective treatment.