Chen Y, et al. - Individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) who had not received any treatment for UC were enrolled from the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and normal tissue biopsies were collected in order to examine whether and how Fusobacterium nucleatum influenced intestinal inflammation in individuals wth UC. Data exhibited that with an association with the clinical course, clinical activity and refractory behavior of UC, F nucleatum was enriched in 51.78% of UC tissues. Moreover, it was illustrated that F nucleatum encouraged intestinal epithelial damage and the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, Il-6, IL-17F and TNF-α. Mechanistically, F nucleatum targeted caspase activation and recruitment domain 3 (CARD3) via NOD2 to provoke the IL-17F/NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Thus, to control the UC process, F nucleatum arrange a molecular network including CARD3 and IL-17F. Moreover, for the prevention and treatment of UC, measuring and targeting F nucleatum and its correlated pathways would propose significant insight.