Chokengarmwong N, et al. - In this work, researchers tested their hypothesis that elevated NT-proBNP level at surgical intensive care unit (ICU) admission predicts atrial fibrillation (AF) development in a general surgical and trauma population. They identified that elevated NT-proBNP at ICU admission in general surgical and trauma patients as predictive of AF development in the first 3 ICU days. They suggested adding NT-proBNP measurement to known risk factors to enhance predictive power and identify patients who might potentially benefit from evidence-based prophylactic treatment for AF.