Shapiro MR, et al. - Experts undertook a comparative analysis of the efficacy of 4% articaine with 2% lidocaine for supplemental BIs in mandibular first vs second molars with IP after a failed inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Data disclosed that the success rate for IANB with 4% articaine was 25%. Articaine and lidocaine demonstrated similar success rates for supplemental infiltration in first molars. On the other hand, articaine appeared to be substantially more successful for second molars. Findings brought to light the possible requirement of additional techniques including intraosseous anesthesia as BI often did not provide profound pulpal anesthesia.