Baskaran V, et al. - Researchers utilized data from Hospital Episode Statistics, linked to a UK primary care database, to determine incidence of as well as risk factors for recurrent hospitalisation for pneumonia. They found recurrent pneumonia development in 1733 (3.1%) and 5064 (9.0%) within 90 days and 1 year of follow-up, respectively. Findings revealed an association between smoking status at the time of hospitalisation with index pneumonia and the risk of readmission with recurrent pneumonia within a year of discharge: current vs never smokers: adjusted subhazard ratio (sHR) 1.42, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.53, p < 0.001, and ex smokers vs never smokers: estimated adjusted sHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.34, p < 0.001. Age, gender, deprivation and underlying comorbidities were revealed as other independent risk factors related to recurrent pneumonia.