Pikwer A, et al. - Surgery and anesthesia have been linked to postoperative cognitive disturbance and increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. This study assessed the impact of intravenous anesthesia on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of a number of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease-related processes, including amyloid β, neuronal injury, and inflammation, over time in surgical patients. Findings demonstrated that a neuroinflammatory response dominated by monocyte attractants was elicited by surgery and general anesthesia with intravenous propofol and remifentanil. This response was seen during and in the short term after the procedure, without biomarker signs of the effects on Alzheimer’s disease pathology or neuronal injury.