MacKay S, Carney AS, Catcheside PG, et al. - Researchers conducted a randomized clinical trial of 102 adults investigating if adults with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), who cannot tolerate or adhere to device use, can be effectively managed with combined palatal and tongue surgery to enlarge or stabilize the upper airway. The patients either received multilevel surgery (modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and minimally invasive tongue volume reduction; n = 51) or had ongoing medical management (eg, advice on sleep positioning, weight loss; n = 51). Outcomes revealed improvement in patient-reported sleepiness and polysomnographic measures of OSA severity at 6 months in correlation with undergoing combined palatal and tongue surgery vs ongoing medical management.