Povoa FCC, et al. - This study assessed the prophylactic efficacy of antibiotics delivery via respiratory tract against the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients. Data reported a reduced VAP occurrence consequent to administration of prophylactic antibiotics via the respiratory tract by nebulization, however, this preventive strategy failed to significantly influence either the intensive care unit (ICU) mortality or occurrence of VAP due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.