Wise RA, et al. - In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease or risk factors, researchers determined the cardiovascular safety (noninferiority) and effectiveness (superiority) of aclidinium bromide 400 μg twice daily. Study participants were randomized to receive aclidinium (n=1,812) or placebo (n=1,818) by dry-powder inhaler, twice a day for up to 3 years. According to findings, aclidinium was non-inferior to placebo for risk of major adverse cardiovascular events over 3 years among patients with COPD and increased cardiovascular risk. During the first year, the rate of moderate to severe COPD exacerbations was reduced. Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and upper respiratory tract infection were the most common adverse events.