Tack J, et al. - Researchers in six European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK) evaluated the economic burden of moderate to severe irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS-C). Included were 525 patients, 60% suffering from severe IBS-C. Data reported that the mean annual direct cost to the healthcare systems was €937.1- €2108.0 and the total direct cost (combined costs to healthcare systems and patient) for IBS-C was €1421.7–€2487.1. Findings revealed that IBS-C is not a life-threatening condition, but it has a significant impact on healthcare systems and society. Direct and indirect costs were high for moderate to severe IBS-C, with hospitalizations/emergency room visits being the largest direct cost driver.