Wernroth ML, Fall K, Svennblad B, et al. - In this nationwide register-based study with sibling analysis, researchers analyzed the impact of early life antibiotic treatment for otitis media and other respiratory tract infections on the risk of type 1 diabetes. All singleton children (n = 797,318) born in Sweden between July 1, 2005, and September 30, 2013, have been involved and tracked until December 31, 2014. During the follow-up (median 4.0 years [range 0–8.3]), type 1 diabetes developed in 1,297 children. According to findings, dispensed prescription of antibiotics, especially for acute otitis media and respiratory tract infections, in the 1st year of life is related to an increased risk of type 1 diabetes before age 10, most prominently in children delivered via cesarean section.