Pavlou M, et al. - In 50 children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and 50 healthy age-, sex-, and Tanner stage-matched control subjects this prospective study, researchers assessed the biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption and the osteoprotegerin (OPG) and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (sRANKL) system, which is involved in the osteoclastogenesis process. Post-diagnosis, they asked patients to follow a 3-month dietary recommendation for idiopathic hypercalciuria. Between the children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and controls, no differences were found in the bone formation markers or OPG and sRANKL. In the patients at diagnosis vs controls, the β-Crosslaps and the β-Crosslaps/osteocalcin ratio was higher, with a trend to decrease after the 3-month dietary intervention. A beneficial response could be indicated by the trend observed towards decrease in the serum β-Crosslaps following a 3-month dietary intervention.