Bajnok A, et al. - This single-center observational study entailed an analysis of data from neonates requiring moderate systemic hypothermia. The goal was to identify players of the inflammatory response that may influence patient outcome, through evaluating intracellular cytokine levels of T-lymphocytes and plasma cytokine levels in moderate and severe asphyxia. A key role of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the early events of the inflammatory response was suggested in this study, with tumor necrosis factor-α seemed to be responsible for prolonged neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to a worse outcome. The severity of the insult at an early stage in asphyxia appeared to be predicted by the evaluation of the prevalence of CD4+ IL-1β+ and CD4+ IL-1β+ CD49d+ cells at 6 h.