Hardak E, et al. - Given a notable difficulty in making early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), researchers sought for the diagnostic role of PCR detection of Aspergillus DNA in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, in a large cohort of consecutive immunocompromised patients. During 12 years (2005-2016), 1072 patients underwent 1248 bronchoscopies. Five hundred thirty-one patients (42.5%) were diagnosed with IPA, 7-proven, 280-probable and 244-possible. They noted positive PCR in 266 cases, 213 of these had IPA. This suggests a true positive rate of 80% (213/266) and a false positive rate of 20% (53/266). These findings suggest an increase in the rate and the certainty of IPA diagnosis when PCR for the detection of Aspergillus-DNA in BAL was included in the mycological criteria of the EORTC/MSG definitions.