Dowell CMM, et al. - Determinants of infant mortality for Indigenous and non-Indigenous children were explored, with a specific focus on maternal imprisonment during pregnancy as a risk factor, in a comprehensive study for the first time. Outcomes suggested increased infant mortality among infants with any maternal corrections history, including community-based orders or imprisonment outside of pregnancy. This risk was especially identified for the Indigenous infants whose mothers were imprisoned during pregnancy. In the non-Indigenous sample, a low incidence of infant death was observed which limited the investigation of the impact of the specific aspects of maternal corrections history on infant mortality. Higher prevalence of pregnancy risk factors was observed among non-Indigenous infants whose mothers were imprisoned before or during pregnancy than infants of mothers first imprisoned after birth.